:::

5-1 PWM基礎練習

將一個LED燈接在Arduino的pin 10,只要數字旁邊有「~」就表示支援PWM輸出,就會看到LED燈緩緩變亮,又瞬間變暗

Arduino程式範例:

int led = 10;           
int brightness = 0;    
int lighten = 5;    
void setup()  
{ 
} 
void loop()  
{ 
    analogWrite(led,brightness);    
    if(brightness<=250)     
      brightness = brightness + lighten;
    else
      brightness=0;
    delay(50);      
}

 

Scratch的寫法:

有沒有發現LED燈明暗的狀況不明顯?原因是甚麼呢?

因為LED燈需要的電壓很小,所以變暗的狀況不明顯,如果要明顯一點,需要在低電壓時拉長時間,如何修改呢?

 

課後發想:如何改寫成for迴圈?


搜尋

錯誤訊息
未知: Array and string offset access syntax with curly braces is deprecated 在檔案中的第 /include/functions.encoding.php 列 40
未知: Array and string offset access syntax with curly braces is deprecated 在檔案中的第 /include/functions.encoding.php 列 40
未知: Array and string offset access syntax with curly braces is deprecated 在檔案中的第 /include/functions.encoding.php 列 73
未知: Function get_magic_quotes_gpc() is deprecated 在檔案中的第 /class/libraries/vendor/xoops/xmf/src/Request.php 列 505
未知: Function get_magic_quotes_gpc() is deprecated 在檔案中的第 /class/libraries/vendor/xoops/xmf/src/Request.php 列 119
未知: Function get_magic_quotes_gpc() is deprecated 在檔案中的第 /class/libraries/vendor/xoops/xmf/src/Request.php 列 505
未知: Function get_magic_quotes_gpc() is deprecated 在檔案中的第 /class/libraries/vendor/xoops/xmf/src/Request.php 列 119
未知: Function get_magic_quotes_gpc() is deprecated 在檔案中的第 /class/libraries/vendor/xoops/xmf/src/Request.php 列 119
未知: Function get_magic_quotes_gpc() is deprecated 在檔案中的第 /class/libraries/vendor/xoops/xmf/src/Request.php 列 119
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined variable: disabled 在檔案中的第 /modules/tad_book3/function.php 列 818
通知: Undefined index: bootstrap 在檔案中的第 /modules/tadtools/preloads/core.php 列 68
已棄用
資料庫語法
0.000078 - SET SQL_BIG_SELECTS = 1
0.000799 - SELECT * FROM config WHERE (`conf_modid` = '0' AND `conf_catid` = '1') ORDER BY conf_order ASC
0.000297 - SELECT sess_data, sess_ip FROM session WHERE sess_id = '1svqu106lo571fnq4k19r9nc90'
0.000372 - SELECT * FROM modules WHERE dirname = 'tad_book3'
0.000712 - SELECT COUNT(*) FROM group_permission WHERE (`gperm_modid` = '1' AND (`gperm_groupid` = '3') AND `gperm_name` = 'module_read' AND `gperm_itemid` = '9')
0.000306 - SELECT * FROM config WHERE (`conf_modid` = '9') ORDER BY conf_order ASC
0.000449 - select a.tbsn,a.title,b.author,a.category,a.page,a.paragraph,a.sort from tad_book3_docs as a left join tad_book3 as b on a.tbsn=b.tbsn where a.tbdsn='92'
0.000257 - SELECT tbsn,title FROM tad_book3 ORDER BY sort
0.000299 - SELECT * FROM config WHERE (`conf_modid` = '0' AND `conf_catid` = '5') ORDER BY conf_order ASC
0.000304 - SELECT COUNT(*) FROM banner
0.000193 - SELECT * FROM banner LIMIT 0, 1
0.003442 - UPDATE banner SET impmade = 1277837 WHERE bid = 1
0.000281 - SELECT * FROM config WHERE (`conf_modid` = '0' AND `conf_catid` = '3') ORDER BY conf_order ASC
0.001151 - SELECT DISTINCT gperm_itemid FROM group_permission WHERE gperm_name = 'block_read' AND gperm_modid = 1 AND gperm_groupid IN (3)
0.000913 - SELECT b.* FROM newblocks b, block_module_link m WHERE m.block_id=b.bid AND b.isactive=1 AND b.visible=1 AND m.module_id IN (0,9) AND b.bid IN (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,18,15,16,20,19,58,60,61,73,72,74,71,76,75,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,111,109,110,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123) ORDER BY b.weight, m.block_id
0.000587 - SELECT f.*, s.tpl_source FROM tplfile f LEFT JOIN tplsource s ON s.tpl_id=f.tpl_id WHERE (`tpl_tplset` = 'default' AND `tpl_file` = 'system_block_search.tpl') ORDER BY tpl_refid
0.003413 - update tad_book3_docs set `count` = `count`+1 where tbdsn='92'
0.000152 - select * from tad_book3_docs where tbdsn='92'
0.000137 - select * from tad_book3 where tbsn='16'
0.000186 - select mid from modules where dirname='tad_book3'
0.000379 - desc `tad_book3_data_center` `sort`
0.000170 - select `col_sn`,`data_name`,`data_sort`, `data_value` from `tad_book3_data_center` where `mid`= '9' and `col_name`='read_tbdsn_date' and `col_sn`='92' order by `sort` , `data_sort`
0.001318 - select tbdsn,title,content,category,page,paragraph,sort,enable,uid,from_tbdsn from tad_book3_docs where tbsn='16' and `enable`='1' order by category,page,paragraph,sort
0.000842 - select tbdsn,title,category,page,paragraph,sort from tad_book3_docs where tbsn='16' and (`content` != '' or `from_tbdsn` != 0) and enable='1' order by category,page,paragraph,sort
0.000166 - SELECT * FROM modules WHERE dirname = 'tadtools'
0.000218 - SELECT * FROM config WHERE (`conf_modid` = '4') ORDER BY conf_order ASC
0.000129 - select mid from modules where dirname='tad_book3'
0.000249 - desc `tad_book3_data_center` `sort`
0.000154 - select `col_sn`,`data_name`,`data_sort`, `data_value` from `tad_book3_data_center` where `mid`= '9' and `col_name`='video_tbdsn_date' and `col_sn`='92' order by `sort` , `data_sort`
0.000171 - select groupid,name from groups
0.000330 - select * from `tad_book3_files_center` where `col_name`='mp4' and `col_sn`='92' and `kind`='file' order by sort limit 0,1
0.000286 - select `tt_theme`,`tt_use_bootstrap`,`tt_bootstrap_color`,`tt_theme_kind` from `tadtools_setup` where `tt_theme`='school2015'
0.000405 - SELECT f.*, s.tpl_source FROM tplfile f LEFT JOIN tplsource s ON s.tpl_id=f.tpl_id WHERE (`tpl_tplset` = 'default' AND `tpl_file` = 'tadbook3_index.tpl') ORDER BY tpl_refid
0.000223 - SELECT * FROM modules WHERE dirname = 'tad_themes'
0.000270 - SELECT * FROM config WHERE (`conf_modid` = '3') ORDER BY conf_order ASC
0.000179 - select `tt_bootstrap_color` from tadtools_setup where `tt_theme`='school2015'
0.000287 - select * from tad_themes where `theme_name`='school2015'
0.000179 - select conf_value from config where conf_title ='_MD_AM_DEBUGMODE'
0.000290 - select * from tad_themes_blocks where `theme_id`='7'
0.000187 - select mid from modules where dirname='tad_themes'
0.000451 - desc `tad_themes_data_center` `sort`
0.000143 - select `col_sn`,`data_name`,`data_sort`, `data_value` from `tad_themes_data_center` where `mid`= '3' and `col_name`='theme_id' and `col_sn`='7' order by `sort` , `data_sort`
0.000186 - select conf_value from config where conf_name ='allow_register'
0.000317 - select `mid`, `name`, `dirname` from modules where isactive='1' and hasmain='1' and weight!=0 order by weight
0.000160 - SELECT * FROM modules WHERE dirname = 'tad_blocks'
0.000192 - select conf_value from config where conf_title ='_MD_AM_DEBUGMODE'
0.000233 - select count(*) from priv_msgs where `to_userid` ='0' and `read_msg`=0 group by `to_userid`
0.000310 - select `menuid`, `itemname`, `itemurl`, `target`, `icon`, `link_cate_name`, `link_cate_sn`, `read_group` from tad_themes_menu where of_level='0' and status='1' order by position
0.000154 - select `menuid`, `itemname`, `itemurl`, `target`, `icon`, `link_cate_name`, `link_cate_sn`, `read_group` from tad_themes_menu where of_level='11' and status='1' order by position
0.000127 - select `menuid`, `itemname`, `itemurl`, `target`, `icon`, `link_cate_name`, `link_cate_sn`, `read_group` from tad_themes_menu where of_level='14' and status='1' order by position
0.000118 - select `menuid`, `itemname`, `itemurl`, `target`, `icon`, `link_cate_name`, `link_cate_sn`, `read_group` from tad_themes_menu where of_level='15' and status='1' order by position
0.000115 - select `menuid`, `itemname`, `itemurl`, `target`, `icon`, `link_cate_name`, `link_cate_sn`, `read_group` from tad_themes_menu where of_level='17' and status='1' order by position
0.000114 - select `menuid`, `itemname`, `itemurl`, `target`, `icon`, `link_cate_name`, `link_cate_sn`, `read_group` from tad_themes_menu where of_level='16' and status='1' order by position
0.000113 - select `menuid`, `itemname`, `itemurl`, `target`, `icon`, `link_cate_name`, `link_cate_sn`, `read_group` from tad_themes_menu where of_level='18' and status='1' order by position
0.000347 - select a.* from tad_themes_files_center as a left join tad_themes as b on a.col_sn=b.theme_id where a.`col_name`='slide' and b.`theme_name`='school2015'
0.000217 - SELECT * FROM modules WHERE dirname = 'tad_login'
0.000311 - SELECT * FROM config WHERE (`conf_modid` = '14') ORDER BY conf_order ASC
總計: 57
區塊
搜尋: 沒有快取
總計: 1
額外資訊
包含檔案: 204 檔案
使用記憶體: 6982904 bytes
計時
XOOPS 使用 0.122 秒來載入。
XOOPS Boot 使用 0.031 秒來載入。
Module init 使用 0.009 秒來載入。
XOOPS output init 使用 0.034 秒來載入。
Module display 使用 0.024 秒來載入。
Page rendering 使用 0.023 秒來載入。